Maxillofacial Prosthodontics

Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth and teeth clean to prevent dental problems, most commonly, dental cavities, gingivitis, periodontal (gum) diseases and bad breath. There are also oral pathologic conditions in which good oral hygiene is required for healing and regeneration of the oral tissues. Maintaining good oral hygiene is one of the most important things you can do for your teeth and gums. Healthy teeth not only enable you to look and feel good, they make it possible to eat and speak properly. Good oral health is important to your overall well-being. Preventive care, including proper brushing and flossing, will help stop problems before they develop and is much less painful, expensive, and worrisome than treating conditions that have been allowed to progress.

Pediatric dentists are dedicated to the oral health of children from infancy through the teen years. They have the experience and qualifications to care for a child’s teeth, gums, and mouth throughout the various stages of childhood. Pediatric dentists provide comprehensive oral health care that includes the Infant oral health exams, Pediatric Endodontics, Dental caries and Pediatric oral health research.

Oral microbiology is a complex ecological system where upto 700 species of microorganisms that have been identified .Some of the predominant groups present in the mouth include Streptococcus, Neisseria, Veillonella, Actinomyces and other obligate anaerobes . These organisms maintain a mutualistic relationship with the host by preventing pathogenic species from adhering to the mucosal surface .Oral microflorae can cause dental plaques and are also a common cause dental caries and periodontal disease . Oral disease in an individual can be caused due to a combination of lack of oral hygiene and factors influencing the oral microbial community structure, such as diet. An understanding of the oral environment and microbial interactions leads to understanding the main causes for the onset of oral diseases.

Nanodentistry is a branch that involves the maintenance and up gradation of oral health care yet more precise by employing nanomaterials, biotechnology, including tissue engineering & ultimately dental Nano robotics. Recent developments of nanoparticles and nanotubes in operative dentistry, endodontics, periodontal management, has played a growing role in the enhancement of dental industry. Nanomaterial’s and nanoparticles are cornerstones of innovative dental devices used for drug discovery and delivery, discovery of biomarkers, and molecular diagnostics. Nano dentistry aims to manipulate and fine tune particle to create unique with novel properties and advances in dentistry. 

Dental anesthesiology (or dental anaesthesiology) is the specialty of dentistry that deals with the management of pain through the use of advanced local and general anesthesia techniques. Dental anesthesiology is the discipline in dentistry that manages pain and anxiety through the use of local anesthesia, sedation, and general anesthesia. Dental Anesthesiology educates graduate, pre-doctoral, and dental hygiene students in the management of pain, fear, and anxiety associated with dental treatment.Dentist anesthesiologists trained to provide the entire spectrum of anesthetic services, which generally range from local anesthesia through general anesthesia, for a wide range of dental and surgical procedures. Faculty research involving dental anesthesiology has focused on the clinical efficacy and safety of anesthetics when used in both healthy and medically-compromised patients.

A craniofacial group is a multi-disciplinary group (MDT) which gives multidisciplinary meetings, analysis, treatment arranging and methods for a scope of craniofacial peculiarities and disorders. By American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA), the base prerequisites for a group are: Plastic Surgeon, Speech Language Pathologist, Craniofacial Orthodontist. Craniofacial abnormalities or disorders are characterized as inborn conditions other than congenital fissure/sense of taste, unless congenital fissure/sense of taste is an element of another condition, peculiarity or disorder. A facial separated is an opening or hole in the face, or a mutation of a part of the face. Facial clefts is an aggregate term for a wide range of clefts. All structures like bone, delicate tissue, skin and so on can be influenced. Facial clefts are amazingly uncommon intrinsic oddities. There are numerous varieties of a sort of clefting and arrangements are expected to portray and order a wide range of clefting. Facial clefts barely ever happen disengaged; more often than not there is a cover of neighboring facial clefts.

Dental care is important to prevent dental disease and to maintain proper dental and oral health. Oral problems, including dental and periodontal infections, dry mouth, tooth decay, are all treatable with proper diagnosis and care. Over one third of the population has no access to community water fluoridation which causes serious oral health problems. Over 108 million children and adults lack dental insurance, which is over 2.5 times of the number who lacks medical insurance. American dental attains greater significance as it has taken the concepts of promoting oral health, and preventing oral diseases.  The significant role that dentists, dental hygienists, scientists, and other health professionals of Dental events  will leads to the: safe and effective disease prevention measures exist that everyone can adopt to improve oral health and prevent disease

Ethics is a discipline dealing primarily with moral duty, conduct, and judgment. The dentist and the practice of dentistry are controlled by many laws on the federal, state, and local level. Dental Ethics mean moral duties and obligations of the dentist towards his patients, professionals and colleagues and society. "Dentistry meetings" and Dentistry conference helps to promote the welfare and equality of human beings.

A branch of medicine which deals with study, diagnosis, prevention & treatment of conditions, diseases & disorders related to Oral cavity &Maxillofacial area. Vincent infection-A painful disease of the mouth characterized by gray ulceration of the mucous membrane, bleeding of gums, foul odour to the breath etc. Oral Cancer- Type of cancer that can develop in any part of the mouth due to abnormal growth of cells. It occurs mostly in people over 40years of age. Dentures- Artificial replacement of one or more teeth,especially false teeth. Sensitivity- Seen when the enamel layer is too thin. It is characterized by severe pain & discomfort in the mouth. Cavities- Permanent damage of teeth which leads to tiny holes. Bleeding gums & Several Other Case Reports Related to Dentistry.

Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, was the first specialty created in the field of dentistry. An orthodontist is a specialist who has undergone special training in a dental school or college after he/she has graduated in dentistry .The specialty deals primarily with the diagnosis, prevention and correction of malpositioned teeth and the jaws. Also commonly known as specialized dentists for braces. Dental braces  are devices used in orthodontics that align and straighten teeth and help to position them with regard to a person's bite, while also working to improve dental health Orthodontics. Retainers  are custom-made devices, usually made of wires or clear plastic, that hold Orthodontic retainers are custom-made devices, usually made of wires or clear plastic, that hold teeth in position after surgery or any method of realigning teeth. in position after surgery or any method of realigning teeth Risks and limitations: Before any active orthodontic treatment is considered it is essential that the oral hygiene is of a high standard and that all carious leions have been dealt with Arch wires, headgears and brackets themselves may cause significant damage either during an active phase of treatment or during debonding.

Endodontics is that branch of dentistry, concerned with the morphology, physiology, and pathology of the human tooth, and in particular the dental pulp, root and peri-radicular tissues. The study and practice of endodontics includes the biology of the normal pulp, crown, root and peri-radicular tissues and the aetiology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries that affect these tissues.

Reconstructive surgery is, in its broadest sense, the utilization of surgery to restore the structure and capacity of the body; maxilla specialists, plastic specialists and otolaryngologists do reconstructive surgery on countenances after injury and to reproduce the head and neck after growth. Different branches of surgery (e.g., general surgery, gynecological surgery, pediatric surgery, corrective surgery, podiatric surgery) likewise perform some reconstructive methods. The regular component is that the operation endeavors to restore the life systems or the capacity of the body part to typical. Reconstructive plastic specialists utilize the idea of a reconstructive step to oversee progressively complex injuries. These extents from exceptionally straightforward systems, for example, essential conclusion and dressings to more intricate skin unites tissue extension and free folds.

Oral and maxillofacial pathology alludes to the infections of the mouth ("oral pit" or "stoma"), jaws ("maxillae" or "gnath") and related structures, for example, salivary organs, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles and perioral skin (the skin around the mouth). The mouth is a critical organ with a wide range of capacities. It is likewise inclined to an assortment of restorative and dental issue. The strength oral and maxillofacial pathology is worried with determination and investigation of the circumstances and end results of sicknesses influencing the oral and maxillofacial area. It is some of the time thought to be strength of dentistry and pathology. Now and again the term head and neck pathology is utilized rather, yet this may suggest that the pathologist manages otorhinolaryngology issue (i.e. ear, nose and throat) notwithstanding maxillofacial clutters. In this part there is some cover between the skill of head and neck pathologists and that of endocrine pathologists.

Bone joining can repair insert locales with insufficient bone structure because of past extractions, gum sickness or wounds. The bone is either acquired from a tissue bank or your own particular bone is taken from the jaw, hip or tibia (underneath the knee). Sinus bone unions are additionally performed to supplant bone in the back upper jaw. Likewise, unique films might be used that disintegrate under the gum and ensure the bone unite and energize bone recovery. Real bone unions are commonly performed to repair deformities of the jaws. These techniques are routinely performed in a working room and require a healing center stay.The maxillary sinuses are behind your cheeks and on top of the upper teeth. Sinuses are similar to exhaust rooms that have nothing in them. At the point when these upper teeth are uprooted, there is frequently only a slender mass of bone isolating the maxillary sinus and the mouth. Dental inserts need issue that remains to be worked out them set up. At the point when the sinus divider is slight, it is difficult to place dental inserts in this bone.

Periodontics is that specialty of dentistry which encompasses the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the supporting and surrounding tissues of the teeth or their substitutes and the maintenance of the health, function and esthetics of these structures and tissues. The didactic areas of instruction include the normal periodontium at the macro and microscopic level, periodontal pathology including intra-oral lesions associated with periodontal conditions, periodontal microbiology and immunology, pain control and pharmacology applicable to periodontal treatments, cell biology, wound healing including periodontal regeneration, dental implantology, case management, epidemiology and statistics in Periodontology.

Cosmetic dentistry focuses on improving the appearance of a person's teeth, mouth and smile. cosmetic dentistry provides elective – or desired – treatments or services. Cosmetic dentistry treatments currently in use include Inlays/Onlays, Composite Bonding, Teeth Whitening, Dental Veneers, Dental Implants, Smile Makeover, Full mouth reconstruction.

The term "restorative dentistry" refers to the integrated management of oral health problems and restoring the mouth to a functional and esthetic state. While it is not currently recognized as a dental specialty by the American Dental Association, general dentists are able to perform many of these procedures without additional education and certification. It all depends on how difficult the procedure is and what the dentist feels comfortable with. Many of the procedures are also covered by the dental specialty of prosthodontic dentistry, including fillings, veneers, crowns, bridges, full and partial dentures and dental implants.

Gouge alveolar surgery is the surgical treatment of clutters of the teeth and their supporting hard and delicate tissues (barring reclamation of the teeth, for example, dental fillings, crowns and connects) .Avascular putrefaction (AVN), likewise called osteonecrosis, bone localized necrosis, aseptic rot, and ischemic bone corruption, is cell passing (rot) of bone segments because of interference of the blood supply. Without blood, the bone tissue kicks the bucket and the bone breakdown If avascular putrefaction includes the bones of a joint, it frequently prompts obliteration of the joint articular surfaces. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw , additionally called bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw .

Oral Cancer: Pathopysiology The term oral cancer includes cancers of the mouth and the pharynx. Several types of tissue make up the mouth and oropharynx. Most cases of oral cancer are because of cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol use or the use of both tobacco and alcohol consumptions. The stage of oral cancer is one of the most important factors in evaluating treatment options. A stage I oral cancer tumor means the primary tumor is 2 cm across or smaller and no cancer cells are present in nearby structures, lymph nodes or distant sites. A stage II oral tumor measures 2–4 cm across and no cancer cells are present in nearby structures, lymph nodes or distant sites. The oral tumor is larger than 4 cm across and no cancer cells are present in nearby structures, lymph nodes or distant sites is stage III. Stage IV is the tumor has invaded deeper areas and/or tissues. Depending on the stage of Oral Cancer the type of surgery is recommended. Tumor resection is an operation to remove the entire tumor. Some normal tissue surrounding the tumor is also removed to ensure that no cancer cells remain in the body.